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Risk Factor Analysis with respect to heavy metals and their spatial distribution in coastal areas gained attention to judge the fallout from pollution. Present study, the territorial dynamics of the heavy metals and their associated threats to the environment were profiled in the Mangalore coast of India. The Mangalore coast extends approximately 22 kms along the western region of the Western Ghats within the Indian peninsula. This area is considerably impacted by pollution stemming from nearby industries and factories that discharge substantial amounts of anthropogenic chemical waste and heavy metals into the aquatic environment, either directly into the sea or through the principal westward-flowing rivers, namely the Nethravathi and Gurupura. Sediments play a critical role as the primary repository for heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems, and their quality serves as a vital indicator of overall water quality. This study decisively monitors the sediment quality along the Mangalore coast, emphasizing physio-chemical parameters and heavy metal concentrations during both Early monsoon phase and Late monsoon phase from 2022 to 2023. Sediment samples were systematically collected from twelve designated stations throughout both seasons. Appraisal of sediment quality deterioration employed the contamination index, pollution load index, and extent of pollution. Texture analysis clearly revealed that pre-monsoon sediments exhibited a maximum sand content of 36.20%, while post-monsoon sediments showed a maximum clay content of 39.13%. The comprehensive analysis of mean metal concentrations across various stations ranked as follows: Hg < Zn < Cu < Cd < Pb during both monitoring periods. Evaluations based on the degree of contamination and contamination factor demonstrated that CU, Zn, and Hg exhibited low levels of contamination, while lead displayed moderate contamination and cadmium revealed high contamination levels. In both monitoring periods, cadmium was identified as having both a high contamination factor and a high degree of contamination.

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Spatial Dynamics of Heavy Metal Contamination and Risk Profiling in the Arabian Sea: Focus on the Mangalore Coast, India

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • A. S. Athira,
  • Geethu Susan James,
  • Anju Lal,
  • T. M. Vishnu Maya,
  • S. Noorul Huda,
  • A. Krishnakumar,
  • Upendra Badimela,
  • Krishnan Anoop Krishnan

摘要

Risk Factor Analysis with respect to heavy metals and their spatial distribution in coastal areas gained attention to judge the fallout from pollution. Present study, the territorial dynamics of the heavy metals and their associated threats to the environment were profiled in the Mangalore coast of India. The Mangalore coast extends approximately 22 kms along the western region of the Western Ghats within the Indian peninsula. This area is considerably impacted by pollution stemming from nearby industries and factories that discharge substantial amounts of anthropogenic chemical waste and heavy metals into the aquatic environment, either directly into the sea or through the principal westward-flowing rivers, namely the Nethravathi and Gurupura. Sediments play a critical role as the primary repository for heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems, and their quality serves as a vital indicator of overall water quality. This study decisively monitors the sediment quality along the Mangalore coast, emphasizing physio-chemical parameters and heavy metal concentrations during both Early monsoon phase and Late monsoon phase from 2022 to 2023. Sediment samples were systematically collected from twelve designated stations throughout both seasons. Appraisal of sediment quality deterioration employed the contamination index, pollution load index, and extent of pollution. Texture analysis clearly revealed that pre-monsoon sediments exhibited a maximum sand content of 36.20%, while post-monsoon sediments showed a maximum clay content of 39.13%. The comprehensive analysis of mean metal concentrations across various stations ranked as follows: Hg < Zn < Cu < Cd < Pb during both monitoring periods. Evaluations based on the degree of contamination and contamination factor demonstrated that CU, Zn, and Hg exhibited low levels of contamination, while lead displayed moderate contamination and cadmium revealed high contamination levels. In both monitoring periods, cadmium was identified as having both a high contamination factor and a high degree of contamination.