The Thiruvananthapuram coast, a critical segment of Kerala’s 593 km-long shoreline, faces significant challenges due to coastal erosion, rising sea levels and human interventions. With a geographic setting characterized by the proximity of the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea, this region experiences dynamic interactions between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. However, anthropogenic pressures including unscientific infrastructure development and climate change-induced phenomena exacerbate the vulnerabilities of the coastline. This review examines the prevailing issues along the Thiruvananthapuram coast, focusing on ecotourism potential, erosion hotspots and challenges causing socio-economic impacts on coastal communities. A thematic categorization of coasts, based on geomorphology and economic activities, is proposed to guide the design of specific mitigation strategies tailored to the region’s unique features and economic relevance. Innovative policy approaches for climate resilience, emphasizing the integration of hard-engineering solutions like groynes and breakwaters with soft-engineered strategies such as sediment redistribution and beach nourishment is discussed. The review reinforces the importance of regular monitoring and sustainable development practices in coastal management. Recommendations also include the development of mudbanks, adoption of hybrid approaches and climate change impacts assessment to safeguard both natural ecosystems and livelihoods. The review advocates the necessity of policy-driven, science-based interventions to ensure long-term sustainability of coastal areas amid escalating environmental challenges.