Scholarlink

Doping remains a critical issue in both human and animal sports, challenging the principles of fairness, safety, and public trust. Historically, the practice evolved from the use of stimulants in the nineteenth century to today’s complex landscape of anabolic agents, blood manipulation, and genetic technologies. While human athletics often dominate the doping debate, animal sports including horse racing, greyhound racing, and equestrian disciplines face parallel challenges, with performance-enhancing substances posing risks not only to competition integrity but also to animal welfare. The establishment of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) in 1999 provided a unified global framework for human sport through the World Anti-Doping Code, which standardized banned substance lists, testing protocols, and sanctioning procedures. Similarly, organizations such as the Association of Racing Commissioners International (ARCI), the Greyhound Board of Great Britain (GBGB), and the French Anti-Doping Agency (AFLD) have developed specialized rules and testing systems for animals, reflecting the need for robust regulation beyond human competition. Despite these frameworks, doping practices continue to evolve, with micro-dosing, designer substances, and emerging threats like gene doping challenging traditional detection. In both human and animal contexts, advances such as the Athlete Biological Passport, standardized laboratory accreditation, and international data sharing represent important tools in strengthening detection and enforcement. At the same time, education and awareness initiatives whether aimed at athletes, trainers, or animal caretakers are increasingly recognized as central to long-term prevention. This chapter explores doping across human and animal sports, emphasizing its historical roots, regulatory evolution, and governance challenges. It concludes that safeguarding integrity requires continuous innovation, international cooperation, and a balance between strict enforcement and the ethical responsibility to protect both athletes and animals.

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Doping in Sport: History, Regulation, and Global Governance

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

查看全文
  • Abdul Khader Karakka Kal,
  • Michael Benedict Subhahar,
  • Tajudheen K. Karatt

摘要

Doping remains a critical issue in both human and animal sports, challenging the principles of fairness, safety, and public trust. Historically, the practice evolved from the use of stimulants in the nineteenth century to today’s complex landscape of anabolic agents, blood manipulation, and genetic technologies. While human athletics often dominate the doping debate, animal sports including horse racing, greyhound racing, and equestrian disciplines face parallel challenges, with performance-enhancing substances posing risks not only to competition integrity but also to animal welfare. The establishment of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) in 1999 provided a unified global framework for human sport through the World Anti-Doping Code, which standardized banned substance lists, testing protocols, and sanctioning procedures. Similarly, organizations such as the Association of Racing Commissioners International (ARCI), the Greyhound Board of Great Britain (GBGB), and the French Anti-Doping Agency (AFLD) have developed specialized rules and testing systems for animals, reflecting the need for robust regulation beyond human competition. Despite these frameworks, doping practices continue to evolve, with micro-dosing, designer substances, and emerging threats like gene doping challenging traditional detection. In both human and animal contexts, advances such as the Athlete Biological Passport, standardized laboratory accreditation, and international data sharing represent important tools in strengthening detection and enforcement. At the same time, education and awareness initiatives whether aimed at athletes, trainers, or animal caretakers are increasingly recognized as central to long-term prevention. This chapter explores doping across human and animal sports, emphasizing its historical roots, regulatory evolution, and governance challenges. It concludes that safeguarding integrity requires continuous innovation, international cooperation, and a balance between strict enforcement and the ethical responsibility to protect both athletes and animals.