An important direction for increasing the fire resistance of building structures is the improvement of fire protection methods. An effective way is to use bulging flame-retardant materials. The paper explores the possibility of obtaining a new flame-retardant material. Compositions based on organic (silicone, alkyd, acrylic, polyester, epoxy) and inorganic (silicate) bases with the addition of calcium gluconate as a swelling agent were obtained. The results of thermogravimetric analysis of the obtained compositions are presented. The concentration of calcium gluconate was selected with maximum thermal expansion ability and preservation of the structure of the flame-retardant coating. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the samples was calculated with the introduction of various amounts of calcium gluconate. For compositions based on each base, the dependence of adhesive strength on the concentration of the swelling agent is shown. The structure of the foam coke layer formed during the thermal decomposition of compositions on each base is analyzed. Taking into account the considered characteristics, the obtained compositions can find their application as the main components of flame-retardant materials.