This study investigates the spall damage behavior of commercially pure titanium and near α titanium alloy through the integration of soft-recovery plate-impact experiments and the Doppler pin system. Results indicate that under the peak stress of ~ 6.85 GPa and the strain rate of ~ 105 /s, the Hugoniot elastic limit of near α titanium alloy is twice that of commercially pure titanium, while their spall strengths remain comparable. Postmortem metallographic analysis reveals distinct damage mechanisms: voids in commercially pure titanium primarily nucleate at grain boundaries and connect via shear cracks, whereas in the near α titanium alloy, damage nucleates at martensite lath boundaries and grows along lath boundaries, forming flat voids. It provides guidance for the performance optimization of titanium-based alloy in extreme environments.