This work proposes an absorption-transmission frequency selective surface (ATFSS) integrating low-frequency transmission and broadband high-frequency absorption. The proposed ATFSS is engineered based on interlayer resonant coupling principles. Through the integration of a surface impedance layer with meander-line configured frequency selective surface (FSS) layers, it achieves in-band transmission (0.82–1.75 GHz) and broadband out-of-band absorption (8–18 GHz). The four-layer ATFSS architecture comprises: 1) a surface impedance layer, 2) second and fourth layers with metallic square patches on dielectric substrates, and 3) a third layer incorporating cross-shaped meander-line metallic strips. Dielectric spacers separate adjacent functional layers. The ATFSS exhibits a −3 dB transmission bandwidth of 72% (0.82–1.75 GHz) with stable transmissivity, while maintaining absorption below −10 dB across 8–18 GHz. Compared with conventional absorption-transmission frequency selective surfaces, this design exhibits superior performance with a reduced structural dimension of only 21.1 mm and a compact unit cell size of 12 mm × 12 mm, while simultaneously enhancing both low-frequency transmission bandwidth and high-frequency absorption bandwidth. Furthermore, the structure maintains excellent electrical performance stability under oblique incidence angles ranging from 0° to 50°.