Triboelectricity, a widely overlooked phenomenon in woodworking, holds significant potential to improve sanding by boosting efficiency and reducing health risks. This study examines triboelectrification during wood sanding, focusing on charges on freshly sanded surfaces and dust particles. Our findings reveal that grit size was the most influential factor, with larger grit sizes reducing surface charges, followed by feed speed and sandpaper speed. Higher feed speeds raised surface charges but also correlated with greater material removal rates. By optimizing these parameters, triboelectric charges can be controlled, improving both safety and efficiency of the sanding process. We also discovered that wood dust produced during sanding carries either positive or negative charges depending on the type of sandpaper used. This opens opportunities to steer wood particle behavior for better capture and fine-dust generation. Overall, the results underscore the potential of harnessing triboelectric effects to advance industrial woodworking practices. Future studies will focus on developing practical applications to minimize fine dust and enhance dust collection systems, contributing to safer and more sustainable woodworking.