Plasma exchange (PEX) is used in cardiology for the treatment of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and complications in heart transplantation. Other therapeutic apheresis modalities are also performed in these cases: immunoadsorption (IA) and extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP). Additionally, lipoprotein apheresis is used in the treatment of peripheral artery disease. PEX and ECP are used in the treatment and prevention of lung transplant complications.