In recent years, much focus has been directed on the use of biopolymers as food packaging materials owing to their significant qualities and properties. These factors encompass nontoxicity, accessibility, biological compatibility, and biodegradability, highlighting their potential as alternatives for traditional plastic packaging. The environmental impact of biopolymers pertains to waste valorization, source abundance, and material biodegradability. Given the current emphasis on sustainable development, it is crucial to conduct research on biopolymers as environmentally friendly and sustainable food packaging materials. Natural biopolymeric materials are applied as matrices for food packaging. Each biopolymer exhibits distinct functions, chain configurations, and physicochemical properties. Moreover, biopolymer matrices serve as carriers for antibacterial agents, antioxidants, flavoring ingredients, and nutrients, which safeguard the food product from external factors and inhibit the degradation of beneficial compounds. By building a protective barrier surrounding the food, they restrict moisture transfer, decrease oxygen permeability, and limit the proliferation of spoilage germs. This chapter emphasizes the potential of biopolymer-based films as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional synthetic packaging. Biopolymers can be engineered into active films that provide antimicrobial, antioxidant, and moisture control properties, extending the shelf life of perishable foods.