In pediatric epilepsy, it is crucial to recognize that a child’s brain is not merely a smaller version of an adult brain. A child’s developing neural networks lead to unique seizure types, distinct EEG patterns, and age-specific epilepsy syndromes. Identifying both pediatric and adult syndromes is essential for guiding prognosis and treatment strategies, from the selection of anti-seizure medications to the consideration of advanced therapies like the ketogenic diet or epilepsy surgery. While pediatric epilepsy is more often linked to genetic causes, acquired conditions such as stroke or brain tumors are more prominent etiologies in adult epilepsy. Finally, this chapter offers an updated review of more recent advancements in the treatment of seizures and epilepsy.