This chapter evaluates the dynamics of non-carbon dioxide greenhouse gases (GHGs) within the agricultural sector, with a primary focus on nitrous oxide (N2O)and methane emissions. It investigates the significant contributions of nitrogenous fertilizer application to cropped soils and rice cultivation to the GHG emission profiles. The chapter details the biochemical mechanisms of soil N2O production through the nitrification and denitrification pathways and the main factors and anthropogenic drivers accelerating these emissions. The different strategies of nitrous oxide mitigation from agricultural soils have been discussed.