In developing nations where agriculture is the primary industry, crop productivity and food security are severely impacted by climate change and its related uncertainties. Addressing yield gaps under such conditions requires robust analytical techniques. As a statistical approach, meta-analysis provides a potent way to combine findings from several research to provide insights that may be applied broadly. This review highlights its role in agricultural research, especially for yield gap analysis under varied climatic scenarios. By aggregating data across geographies, crop types, and experimental setups, this method enhances statistical power, uncovers consistent trends, and improves projections of climate-related impacts. A literature review was conducted by carefully reviewing scholarly literature based on keyword combinations of “Meta Analysis”, along with “Climate change”, “Crop yield”. Additionally, it directs future research and policy development and makes it easier to identify knowledge gaps. The insights obtained can promote evidence-based decision-making and adaptation plans to mitigate climate unpredictability on agricultural production.