Indiscriminate usage, disposal and recalcitrance of waste materials have led to its accumulation leaving a negative impact on the environment. Nanotechnology offers promising solutions for waste management by enabling more efficient and effective processes for waste treatment and recycling. Nanomaterials can be used to catalyze chemical reactions, break down pollutants, and enhance filtration systems, ultimately reducing environmental impact and promoting sustainability. Because of their higher reactivity and selectivity, nanomaterials can be used to remediate persistent pollutants more effectively than traditional chemicals. Furthermore, chemical reactions that were not conceivable with ordinary materials can be carried out by nanoparticles. The inoculation of nanomaterials provide a low cost, efficient and simple method for removal of contaminants by adsorption. This comprehensive review gives a glimpse of applications of nanaotechnology in waste treatments and its impact on environmental sustainability.