Cannabidiol (CBD) has aroused significant interest in the field of nanotheranotics due to its diverse therapeutic properties and potential applications in medicine. CBD is a non-psychoactive compound derived from the Cannabis sativa plant, known for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anxiolytic, neuroprotective and antitumor effects. These properties make CBD an attractive candidate for incorporation into nanoparticle systems intended for targeted drug delivery and therapy. CBD interacts with the immune system by modulating inflammatory responses and immune cell function. Through its interactions with the endocannabinoid system, CBD can inhibit pro-inflammatory pathways and cytokine production while promoting anti-inflammatory mediators. CBD nanoparticles can be functionalized with ligands to increase their specificity and reduce off-target effects, leading to more effective and personalized therapeutic interventions. Preclinical and clinical studies are essential to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CBD nanoparticles. Although initial research suggests that CBD nanoparticles have low toxicity and high therapeutic potential, further research is needed to address emerging challenges and optimize their use in nanoparticles. Emerging challenges in using CBD in nanoparticles include optimizing nanoparticle design, understanding the long-term effects of CBD exposure, and ensuring regulatory compliance. However, these challenges present opportunities for future research efforts to refine CBD-based therapies and address unmet medical needs. Overall, CBD nanoteranotics represent a promising avenue for advancing precision medicine and improving patient outcomes across multiple disease states.