This chapter comprehensively covers the production, use, and application areas of nanobiomaterials in the agriculture and food sectors. Changing climate conditions and food security challenges, coupled with a growing global population, have made sustainability and innovative approaches in agricultural production essential for the future. For all these reasons, nanotechnological approaches offer many significant advantages, including improving plant growth conditions, providing controlled and targeted release of nutrients, improving plant tolerance to increasing stress conditions due to global warming and drought, controlling pests, and managing soil water balance. Due to their biodegradable structure, bionanomaterials possess important properties such as increasing bioavailability and reducing the risk of toxicity thanks to their environmentally friendly and non-toxic properties. Additionally, they exhibit positive effects on plant physiology by regulating plant stimulation, hormone balance, and gene expression. Nanoparticle-based fertilizers and biopesticides not only reduce the harmful effects of traditionally used chemical derivatives but also increase productivity. This section also discusses nanoencapsulation method mechanisms, bioactive substance transport, and applications for water treatment and soil remediation. The structural properties and application details of carbon-based CQDs structures for coded seed transfer and increased photosynthetic efficiency in plants are discussed. In conclusion, nanobiomaterials offer versatile nanotechnological solutions that reduce environmental impacts in modern agriculture today and in the future, optimize resource use, particularly water and nutrient resources, for plant growth and pest protection, and increase production efficiency. The appropriate use of nanotechnology plays a crucial role in achieving sustainable agriculture goals.