The aim of this study is to determine the biogas production potential of fish processing residues, which are a new type of substrate not yet used in anaerobic digestion in Senegal. Due to their high protein content, which can be a source of inhibition, fishery product residues were used alone or in co-digestion with market waste and fermented cow dung. Various biodigester technologies have been used to develop, through various physico-chemical characterisation procedures, formulations that improve the quality of biogas by 110–120% in terms of methane content. Indeed, cow manure and market waste co-digested individually at 20% with fish waste significantly changed the fermentation environment. The methane content increased from 28% (v/v) for 100% fish waste to 62% and 57% (v/v) for cow manure and market waste, respectively, in the laboratory. On a pilot scale, the same formulations performed less significantly than in the laboratory, with only cow dung improving the estimated methane rate to 37% (v/v). Cooking tests were also carried out at the Guet Ndar fish processing site using biogas produced with an average content of 67% (v/v) in order to compare the fuel with firewood. Finally, this study proved that fishery product residues are capable of producing good quality biogas, which can therefore be used for energy recovery.