Design and Sizing of a Renewable Energy Based Plant for Waste Treatment and Food Conservation
摘要
Inadequate management of organic waste and poor preservation of foodstuffs can lead to sanitary risks and losses within the food supply chain. We present a novel technical solution to mitigate such problems and accelerate the green transition in Africa, providing small businesses in rural areas with access to renewable energy. This system is based on a modular biodigester that treats organic waste and turns it into fertilizer and biogas. The biogas directly supplies an ammonia-water absorption chiller, to supply the final users with cooling power for food conservation while consuming very little electrical power. Optionally, the biogas can be burned directly to produce heat. A critical issue in operating such a system is the timing of the cooling demand, which depends on the amount and frequency of foodstuff loading in refrigeration cell. This, in turn, depends on the specific activity, such as milk production or seasonal harvesting. As the biodigester has a lengthy start-up procedure, it must run constantly. Therefore, some form of storage (whether for biomass, biogas or cooling energy) must be integrated into the system and appropriately sized to compensate for the time lag between production and consumption. As an initial result of the system's development, we present the plant's outline, the technical characteristics of its main components, a numerical model of the system and its sizing–related to a specific case study–based on dynamic simulation results.