South Asia, home to an exceptional range of avian biodiversity (1.5% and 12% of total flora and faunal diversity with 4494 species of birds), is presently facing increasing threats due to anthropogenic factors, with Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) playing a critical role in biodiversity loss. This chapter explores the primary anthropogenic pressures, on the avian diversity of the region, focusing on the impact of POPs on avian species across South Asia. The chapter delve into POPs, including dioxins, PCBs, and PBDEs, which pose significant threats to avian species by disrupting endocrine, neural, and reproductive systems, with species-specific susceptibilities, varying bioaccumulation patterns, and impacts on long-term breeding and survival, especially in predatory and aquatic birds. The chapter also critically assesses the efficacy of regulatory frameworks like the Stockholm Convention and regional policies in curbing POPs. Additionally, the chapter highlights conservation challenges, including habitat fragmentation, inadequate monitoring of pollutant impacts, socio-economic barriers, industrial growth, agricultural dependence on pesticides, and regulatory non-compliance. Overall, the chapter aims to provide an integrated understanding of the intersection between POP pollution, regulatory measures, and conservation efforts to protect avian biodiversity in South Asia. It further outlines strategic recommendations for strengthening policy implementation and fostering sustainable conservation practices.