Waterbirds are an integral part of the health and functioning of aquatic ecosystems and serve as ecological indicators, and contribute to biodiversity through their roles in nutrient cycling, pest control, and seed dispersal. This chapter examines the global and regional trends in the waterbird populations, revealing alarming declines of many species due to anthropogenic pressures. The key challenges include wetland degradation, habitat fragmentation, climate change, pollution, invasive species, and unregulated hunting. The migratory waterbirds face an additional threat along with flyways due to the inconsistent conservation measures across the countries. This chapter evaluates the current conservation efforts, such as the Ramsar Convention, AEWA, and community-driven wetland management strategies, highlighting the successes and the persistent gaps. It also outlines strategic recommendations like enhanced habitat protection, adaptive management practices, policy integration, long-term monitoring, and public engagement. The present chapter explains that more dedicated work should be put into ensuring that the threats are reduced and enhancing the recovery of waterbirds around the world.