This chapter delves into the reproductive habits and conservation issues facing aquatic birds, focusing on species found in freshwater and coastal areas. It covers a range of breeding behaviors, such as how birds choose their nesting sites, perform courtship rituals, and care for their young, from incubation to the fledgling stage. The text emphasizes how critical these early life stages are for a bird’s long-term survival. The discussion also highlights the major threats to these birds’ breeding success and population health. It examines environmental pressures like habitat loss, climate change, water pollution, and human activity. Using examples from different parts of the world, the chapter shows how some species are able to cope with these challenges while others struggle, leading to changes in their breeding cycles and survival rates. Special attention is given to species that rely on specific nesting habitats and are at risk from altered water flow, human expansion, and fragmented ecosystems. Finally, the chapter evaluates current conservation efforts, including restoring wetlands, using artificial nesting platforms, and implementing policies to protect habitats. It also stresses the importance of community involvement, citizen science projects, and incorporating traditional knowledge into modern conservation strategies. By showcasing successful projects, the chapter argues for the need for flexible, multi-faceted approaches to protect breeding habitats and ensure the long-term survival of aquatic bird populations.