Wetlands are among the most critical ecosystems since they not only support biologically rich life but also offer a wide range of services. One of the most important uses is as a habitat to both migratory and residential waters’ birds species. The purpose of this chapter is to assess the role wetlands play in sustaining the population of aquatic birds, focusing on the impact of water, vegetation, and prey availability on bird species richness and abundance. Recent works in ecology and ornithology highlight the complex interactions between wetland water dynamics, nutrient balance, and the population cycles of aquatic birds. We examine the consequences of human impacts like land use practices, pollution, and climate change on the wetland ecosystems and the birds. Findings show that habitat loss and wetland degradation pose the greatest risk to aquatic birds for maintaining populations in a global context. Subsequently, provides policies for the restoration of habitats and wetlands, improved community-based monitoring, and conservational measures as effective frameworks to sustain damaged ecosystems. This chapter stresses that without developed management plans for wetlands and targeted for bird species, the ecological functions of wetlands will not be fulfilled, making it essential to change the direction of the strategies used to preserve the ecosystem.