Genomic study is justified by optimism that, given complete knowledge of the genome, novel and unexpected methods of vector population control or modification may be discovered. Genomic technologies offer enormous opportunities to advance knowledge of disease vectors since they allow access to the deeper secrets of organismal biology contained in the genetic code. Investigating a wide spectrum of questions regarding the organization, function, and evolutionary histories of vector genomes from the basic genomic sequence to nucleotide polymorphisms to patterns of RNA expression can be accomplished with sequencing technology. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) databases have guided studies on the reproductive biology and developmental routes of disease vectors, therefore underlining possible vector population control strategies. One very unambiguous example is the recent identification and characterization of Nix as a male-determining factor in Aedes aegypti, made possible by male-specific genomic areas discovered by means of sequencing and comparing of male and female genomes. A multi-gene network, like that observed in the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, joins two distinct routes for phagocytosis and controls the melanization process. Translational research is currently present and will help to close the distance between genetic information and useful applications. Many recent advances demonstrate how genetic data can help to create fresh vector-management solutions.