Major protozoa in Africa include Plasmodium (malaria), Trypanosoma (sleeping sickness), Giardia, Entamoeba, and Cryptosporidium, which cause significant disease due to factors like poor sanitation and lack of clean water. Plasmodium species: Cause malaria disease, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa, transmitted by mosquitoes. Trypanosoma species: Cause of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), or sleeping sickness, transmitted by the tsetse fly and endemic to sub-Saharan Africa. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is responsible for 92% of reported cases while Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense accounts for the remaining 8%. Giardia species are common intestinal parasite across Africa and spread through contaminated water and food. Entamoeba histolytica causes amebiasis, a common intestinal infection. Entamoeba coli is another intestinal protozoan found in the region. Cryptosporidium species are known for causing waterborne enteric disease outbreaks in both humans and animals. While many protozoa are free-living, pathogenic species can lead to severe health issues, particularly affecting vulnerable populations like children.