This chapter is unique in that the public health theories of violence are not a single theory but rather a framework or approach for understanding and addressing family violence that is influenced by a number of theories common to various disciplines that make up public health. However, there are several key theoretical frameworks that have been used by public health scholars to better understand gender-based violence, including the social-ecological model, social cognitive theory, the transtheoretical model, and the health belief model. In sum, this unique perspective and population-based approach has much to offer to those seeking to understand why the incidence of violence varies among groups and how to prevent it.