The state of Punjab played a crucial role in turning India into a surplus food producer in the 1970s and was celebrated as the “wheat basket” during the Green Revolution. However, the last three decades have revealed the aftermath of imprudent use of technology interventions, leading to severe social, economic, and environmental degradation. This study examines current farming practices across 200 villages by surveying 600 farmers in the state. It assesses farmers’ education, gender, farming experience, landholding, agrochemical use, irrigation practices, climate change impact and awareness on new agriculture policies and advancements. The findings reveal gender disparity, low education levels, youth disinterest in farming, and predominantly small to medium landholders. Additionally, excessive agrochemical use, monocropping, and over-extraction of groundwater are major sustainability concerns, exacerbated by unpredictable weather patterns resulting from climate change. The research identifies critical knowledge, and technology gaps and highlights how these can be addressed through agriculture-centric computation solutions. Given their interdisciplinary nature, effective interventions demand a collaborative approach that integrates human expertise with agriculture-centric computation technologies including precision agriculture (PA), AI/ML models, IoT, and data-driven decision-making to bridge these gaps, and drive a transition in Punjab’s agricultural ecosystem.