In recent years, blockchain technology has been recognized as a transformative innovation in the tech world, and it has quickly become the core infrastructure of digital currencies such as Bitcoin and an important tool in various industries. This technology facilitates the recording and tracking of transactions across a vast network of computers by providing a distributed and decentralized ledger. Blockchain’s decentralized structure significantly enhances security and transparency, preventing a single entity from dominating the network. This chapter examines the advantages, disadvantages, and applications of blockchain in various industries, analyzing the implementation environments and reasons for utilizing this technology. Additionally, this cf Technology hapter addresses challenges such as scalability and high energy consumption that hinder the expansion of this technology. It examines the role of blockchain technology in enhancing efficiency and security in economic and social interactions. Finally, a comprehensive conclusion on blockchain applications and challenges has been presented by comparing blockchain applications across various industries and analyzing future trends.