Welcome to the wonderful world of plants. This chapter introduces central topics in the exploration of the history of food crop plants. Beginning with a timeline from its origins to modern agriculture, this chapter will provide readers with a unique understanding of the cultivation of crop plants, highlighting the emergence of agricultural production. The origins of agriculture transitioned societies from foraging to farming and enabled the development of civilizations. Agriculture began 11,000 years ago via the domestication of plant species. Plants are classified based on shared characteristics into groups such as angiosperms (flowering plants) and gymnosperms (nonflowering seed plants), seedless plants (e.g., ferns), and nonvascular plants (e.g., mosses). Angiosperms dominate the biosphere. The study of plant biology is important for securing food supplies, understanding ecosystems, and addressing climate stress challenges. Model species such as Arabidopsis provide insights into plant genetics and physiology, while photosynthetic organisms like algae and cyanobacteria play crucial roles in photosynthesis and global carbon and oxygen cycles. Biodiversity hotspots, including countries like Brazil, Colombia, and Madagascar, have exceptionally rich plant diversity, contributing to ecological stability and potential discovery research. Studying plant diversity enhances our capacity to sustainably utilize plant resources, ensuring environmental stress resilience.