In emerging economies, where labor law enforcement is often compliance-averse due to the weak regulatory environment and economic pressures, globalization plays a dual role. While economic integration stimulates industrial development, it also raises risks of regulatory arbitrage and diluted protections for workers. This paper examines the impact of globalization on labor rights by integrating comparative legal analysis with quantitative modeling techniques to assess compliance and enforcement trends across 15 jurisdictions. The study employs a three-part research design: (1) comparative legal analysis of statutory frameworks and labor protections; (2) review of 50 landmark court rulings and international labor treaties; and (3) policy analysis combined with econometric modeling. Using the Comparative Compliance Index (CCI), the Labor Rights Impact Score (LRIS), the Economic Trade-Off Function (ETF), and a regression model, we quantify the relationship between globalization, institutional capacity, and labor law compliance. The findings reveal that countries with strong institutions achieve higher compliance and better outcomes (low CCI, high LRIS), while weak governance correlates with greater violations and reliance on low-cost labor strategies. Sectoral differences are evident, with manufacturing and agriculture facing the largest compliance gaps, compared to higher adherence in service-based industries. Furthermore, countries with labor provisions in trade agreements demonstrate greater compliance with international standards. The article demonstrates that in countries where labor right protections have weakened, the demand for stronger safeguards exists but is undermined by weak institutions. Addressing this gap requires progress on multiple fronts, including institutional reforms, sector-specific policy interventions, and enhanced global governance of labor standards.