Modern cities are faced with the increasing complexity of logistics processes caused by the growth of freight volumes, the development of e-commerce and the increasing load on transport infrastructure. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis to reflect the potential of cargo bikes in urban logistics in the context of modern environmental and social challenges. The benefits of cargo bikes, such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions, reduced noise levels, increased efficiency of last-mile delivery, increased mobility, improved availability of logistics services in dense urban areas, and improved environmental conditions, demonstrate the compliance of cargo bikes with the requirements of modern urban transformations aimed at increasing the environmental and social sustainability of cities. At the same time, the analysis of barriers to use showed that the successful integration of cargo bikes requires a comprehensive solution to infrastructural, legal, organizational and cultural problems. Particular attention should be paid to the development of specialized bicycle infrastructure, adaptation of the regulatory framework, as well as stimulating changes in logistics scenarios and public perception of cargo bikes as a full-fledged element of urban logistics. The effective use of cargo bikes requires concerted efforts at the level of urban policy, development of the regulatory framework, improvement of technical solutions, and the formation of a favorable public environment. Integration of cargo bikes into urban logistics requires an interdisciplinary approach that combines technical, socio-economic, and managerial aspects to ensure the sustainable development of modern cities.