The development of the Industry 4.0 concept has brought significant transformative impulses to the construction sector, which, thanks to digital technologies, is increasingly shifting toward the paradigm of Smart construction. A key element of this transformation is the use of artificial intelligence (AI), which is being applied across the entire construction cycle—from planning and construction to building management. Despite its potential to enhance efficiency, quality, and safety in construction processes, the adoption rate of AI technologies in practice remains uneven and is influences by numerous technical, organizational, and cultural factors. The aim of this research is to analyze the current state and prospects of AI utilization in the context of smart construction, focusing on the types of implemented technologies, their areas of application, and perceived impacts on the efficiency of construction processes. The methodological framework is based on a review of the existing literature and an analysis of primary data obtained through a questionnaire survey among professionals in the sector. Research findings indicate a growing interest in the adoption of AI technologies, with the most common applications focusing on predictive analytics, schedule optimization, and risk management. The studies also identified several benefits, such as increased productivity and cost reduction, as well as barriers, including high investment costs, a lack of qualified personnel, and a low level of digital readiness. The findings highlight the need for strategic support of AI adoption by organizational leadership and policymakers, thereby contributing to the formation of effective measures for the digitalization of the construction sector.