Bacterial translocation (BT)—the migration of viable microorganisms from the intestinal tract to sterile internal organs—is a critical factor in the development of systemic inflammatory conditions such as sepsis and multiple organ failure. This research aimed to experimentally assess the ability of microorganisms to proliferate after translocating from the large intestine to internal organs in white outbred rats exposed to acute radiation. Additionally, the study evaluated the impact of preventive biocorrection measures. The findings demonstrated a marked increase in microbial proliferation (PMG) within the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and peripheral blood of irradiated subjects, with the highest rate—100%—observed in the lymph nodes on the ninth day. In contrast, irradiated animals treated with a biopreparation showed a marked decrease in PMG over time. No PMG was observed in the spleen or lungs of non-irradiated rats, whereas irradiated rats exhibited high levels of PMG, which decreased under biocorrective treatment. These findings suggest that acute irradiation enhances BT, while biocorrection effectively reduces microbial germination and translocation intensity in various organs.