In recent decades, ecotourism has emerged as a key component of sustainable development strategies. Beyond the protection of natural resources, this form of tourism plays a vital role in enhancing the socio-economic well-being of local communities. This article explores the application of internationally recognized ecotourism models in the northwestern region of the Republic of Azerbaijan—specifically in the districts of Zagatala, Balaken, Gakh, Sheki, Oguz, and Gabala—and analyzes the challenges encountered in the process. The study employs a mixed-method approach, combining structured interviews with a comparative analysis based on existing scholarly literature. Four international models were selected for evaluation: Canada's “National Park-Based Management,” Costa Rica's “Community-Based Ecotourism,” Norway's “Environmental Education Programs,” and Switzerland's “Nature-Aligned Infrastructure.” These models were assessed through the lenses of institutional frameworks, community participation, and ecosystem impact. The comparative findings reveal several key barriers to the implementation of these models in Azerbaijan's context, including underdeveloped infrastructure, limited public engagement, and gaps in environmental awareness. The scientific novelty of this research lies in its systematic comparison of global ecotourism models within the specific context of Azerbaijan’s northwestern region, applying a policy gap analysis framework to assess their compatibility with local conditions. The results suggest that the mere presence of natural resources is insufficient for ecotourism development; effective governance, inclusive planning, and active local participation are essential.