The convergence of neuroscience and biophilic principles in creating adaptive urban environments that nurture their populations in terms of mental health and cognitive well-being is being studied. We conceptualize transforming the conventional and static built environment into a dynamic and responsive one by enriching design principles derived from an integrative literature review, case studies of Singapore's Garden City model, neuroscience-informed guides for the city, and analysis of empirical findings from neurophysiological measures (EEG, fMRI). Thus, the evidence suggests that nature integrated with built spaces, including vegetation, fractal geometry, water, and daylight, serves as a stress reducer, stabiliser for attentional restoration processes, and builder of emotional resilience. The spatial strategies should therefore include refuge and prospect. Our findings introduce neurobiophilic architecture as a new paradigm for sustainability, while also promoting bonding between humans and nature and cognitive restoration. Continued interdisciplinary collaboration and long-term empirical studies are recommended to fine-tune these adaptive design approaches.