The Syrian conflict has inflicted widespread damage on the country’s cultural heritage, with historical monuments, archaeological sites, and intangible traditions suffering extensive losses between 2011 and 2025. As Syria moves toward a post-Assad future, preserving its fragmented cultural landscape presents both urgent challenges and critical opportunities. This paper examines strategies for safeguarding and managing Syria’s cultural heritage in the aftermath of prolonged conflict, with a focus on three key areas: prioritizing interventions for damaged sites and museums, reforming governance structures to support inclusive and decentralized heritage management, and engaging local communities in preservation efforts. Given the collapse of state institutions like the Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums (DGAM), heritage protection requires a coordinated, multi-scalar approach supported by international collaboration. Drawing on lessons from other post-conflict contexts, this paper proposes a roadmap for Syria that integrates heritage preservation with broader goals of reconciliation and human rights. It argues that cultural heritage can be a tool for national healing and unity, transforming preservation into a foundation for rebuilding identity, restoring social cohesion, and fostering long-term peace.