Organic farming in India’s arid zonesArid zone offers a sustainable approach to address environmental and socio-economic challenges while enhancing agricultural productivityAgricultural productivity. Low rainfall (<500 mm annually), erratic precipitation, and sandy soilsSandy soil limit conventional farming, exacerbated by the Green Revolution’sGreen revolution high-input practices, leading to soil degradationSoil degradation, desertificationDesertification, and groundwater depletionGroundwater depletion. Organic farming counters these issues by utilizing local resources, promoting soil healthSoil health through composting, crop rotation with legumes, and biofertilizers like Trichoderma, which enhance seedling vigor and reduce diseases. Practices such as mulching, manual weed control, and neem-based pest management minimize external inputs, lowering costs and environmental impact. High-value crops like cumin, fenugreek, and medicinal plants (e.g., senna, aloe) meet export demand, fetching 10–15% higher prices and boosting farmer incomes. Organic systems improve water efficiency through rainwater harvestingRainwater harvesting and foster biodiversityBiodiversity, mitigating climate changeClimate change impacts. Social benefits include increased employment via decentralized input systems and reduced health risks from chemical-free produce. Policy support, including subsidies, training, and organic clusters under schemes like PKVY and RKVY, drives adoption. Despite challenges, organic farming’s potential to enhance livelihoodsLivelihoods and ensure ecological security makes it a vital strategy for sustainable agricultureSustainable agriculture in arid regionsArid regions.