Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) are computerized tools designed to assist healthcare professionals in making real-time, patient-specific clinical decisions. By integrating patient data with medical knowledge, CDSS can provide alerts, recommendations, and other decision-support features. This chapter explores the evolution, types, and components of CDSS, with a particular focus on its role in enhancing clinical workflows, patient safety, and care quality. Additionally, it discusses challenges such as data integration, system maintenance, and user adoption, while outlining opportunities to improve healthcare delivery through the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. The future of CDSS lies in its increasing alignment with evidence-based care and the use of machine learning to drive personalized medicine and population health management.