Road ecology in North America, encompassing Canada and the United States, has a long history dating back to wildlife mortality surveys in the 1920s and the construction of influential wildlife overpasses. Road ecology in North America can be characterized by high-traffic urban roads and low-traffic remote roads, each affecting ecosystems differently. Major highways intersect cause high roadkill rates among large mammals, while low-traffic roads in remote areas disrupt ecosystems through altered hydrology, invasive species, and increased human–wildlife conflicts. Remote areas, such as the Arctic and boreal regions, face unique challenges from new roads built for resource extraction, impacting Indigenous wildlife and human communities. This chapter highlights emerging challenges in road ecology, such as mitigating effects on rare or localized species, managing impacts of expansive road networks, and addressing Indigenous concerns. Mitigation strategies vary from wildlife crossing structures to strategic road removal and managing access. Future road ecology research in North America aims to incorporate environmental justice, particularly addressing the impacts on Indigenous ways of life, and fostering a collaborative community using meta-analytical techniques and open science principles. This collaborative approach aims to optimize mitigation designs and create a more robust understanding of road impacts across diverse ecological and social landscapes.