Road densities are high in much of South, Southeast, and East Asia, and most road construction there consists of feeder roads and upgrades, while in Central, West, and North Asia, densities are lower and first-cut roads are more common. Most research has focused on direct mortality from road traffic, but indirect impacts are receiving increasing attention. A unique feature of Asia is the coincidence of high road densities with a near-intact megafauna in some areas. Recent progress has been made in the use of traffic-calming, fencing, and road-crossing structures to mitigate road impacts on wildlife, but the quality of environmental impact assessments for roads is still a problem in some areas. There is an urgent need to increase the relevance of road ecology research in Asia to road planning, design, impact assessment, construction, maintenance, and impact mitigation. International exchange and cooperation will facilitate the future development of road ecology in Asia.