Lymphatic Malformations
摘要
According to classification of International Society for Study of Vascular Anomalies, all vascular anomalies are divided into vascular tumors (benign, locally aggressive or borderline, and malignant) and vascular malformation. Vascular malformations are divided into several categories: Simple malformations, such as capillary, lymphatic, venous, and arteriovenous malformations; Combined malformations, which consist of two or more vascular malformations in one lesion; Malformations of major named vessels, and malformations associated with other anomalies. Lymphatic malformations are benign vascular lesions consist of dilated lymphatic channels, and cystic spaces that can be present as common (localized lesions), or as complex lymphatic abnormalities (further divided into diffuse and/or abnormalities of central conducting lymphatic channels). Depending on cyst diameter, lymphatic malformations are divided into microcystic, microcystic, and combined. Lymphatic malformations are presented in most cases within the first 2 years of life, and they are mostly localized in the head and neck region, with both genders equally affected. The two most common complications associated with lymphatic malformations are bleeding and infection. Treatment options for lymphatic malformations are sclerotherapy, surgical resection, laser coagulation, and radiofrequency ablation. Lymphatic malformations can be presented as a part of a complex vascular anomalies or overgrowth syndromes.