Nanomaterials that exhibit properties similar to those of enzymes are called nanozymes. They serve as a crucial link between biological systems and nanomaterials. Future advancements will result in the creation of new synthesized enzymes at the nanoscale, while many nanozymes mirror natural enzymes like catalase and peroxidase. Currently, nanozymes are used in biomedicine to identify targets including metal ions, cancer cells, and tiny biomolecules. Worldwide, infections caused by bacteria pose a serious risk to the health of people. However, bacteria that are resistant to drugs have quickly developed as a result of antibiotic overuse, making antibiotic therapy ineffective. There is a dire need for antimicrobial techniques other than the use of conventional antibiotics. Nanozymes’ broad-spectrum antibacterial action, low drug resistance, and great stability have made them attractive novel antibacterial agents in the last few years. Here, we provide a timely overview of the latest developments in the study of various types of antibacterial drugs based on nanozymes. Moreover, included are the significant antibacterial processes of nanozymes as well as the effects of surface changes, environmental stimuli, and physicochemical characteristics on their catalytic activities and biosafety. Additionally, we outlined and emphasized the most recent developments in nanozymes, including their antibacterial properties and uses. In order to propose future prospects for the application of designed nanozymes with increased antibacterial function, the difficulties and constraints for further enhancement of the antibacterial activity are finally discussed.