Nanozymes are poised to revolutionize biomedicine and healthcare. Since their discovery in the 2000s, these synthetic nanomaterials have rapidly evolved and have wide-ranging applications in biotechnology, medicine, environmental remediation and material engineering. Nanozymes have been reported to mimic the catalytic activities of a wide range of critical enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, etc., and show potent antimicrobial activity, inhibiting biofilm formation and quorum sensing. Nanozymes are known for their highly tunable catalytic activity, higher stability over a wider range of temperature and pH, biocompatibility and cost-effectiveness, which make them an attractive alternative to natural enzymes which are unstable outside of specific conditions, difficult to produce in large quantities and costly. Metals, non-metals, layered double hydroxides, metal organic frameworks and nanocarbon materials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene may be used in the synthesis of nanozymes. The catalytic mechanisms of nanozymes depend on the nature and choice of material, structure, composition and surface properties such as particle size, shape, surface charge and the electronic properties of the material. These properties can be further fine-tuned by modifying surface chemistry and incorporating different metals. Nanozymes are stable, cost-effective to synthesize and recover in large quantities, and furthermore, their physicochemical properties may be tailored to fit unique applications that range from point-of-care testing devices and kits to antimicrobial resistance, biosensing, imaging, tissue engineering, therapeutics and beyond. This chapter offers insights on the concept of nanozymes, their synthesis, biomimetics, characterization, factors that influence their activity, applications and future prospects.