In Brazil, implementation of integrated pest management in the mid-1970s until the mid-1990s allowed to develop one of the most robust tropical agriculture systems in the world. However, at the beginning of this century, the intensification of the no-tillage cultivation system combined with multiple crops cultivated in a rotation system provided food and hosts for insects throughout the year. These two factors have been responsible for provoking pest outbreaks. In order to overcome these pest outbreaks, farmers started applying huge amounts of pesticides to arable crops. The excess of pesticides, climate changes and more restrictive laws concerning insecticide use combining with the high costs of developing new synthetic molecules, and taking into account the increase in the world’s population, have put pressure on all food production sectors to develop more sustainable tools for controlling pests. In this aspect, in the last years, scientists have put effort to develop new technologies based on semiochemicals aiming to provide more sustainable, with less cost pest control methods to farmers. In this chapter, the principles of semiochemical use for monitoring and controlling pests as well as the way in which these natural molecules work are presented and discussed.