This chapter defines sustainable agrochemistry, the main classes of agrochemicals as well as their usages and dynamics in agriculture and the environment. The relevance of chemistry for agriculture is also explored, as in the pioneering of the Harber-Bosh process. Technological advances are presented, such as Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, nanotechnology, and controlled release in order to demonstrate innovations in agrochemistry. Furthermore, some relevant aspects of sustainability in agriculture are presented and discussed taking into account the sustainable development goals.