The proposed contribution aims to investigate strategies for the conservation, restoration and monitoring of archaeological structures, deepening the operational outcomes of applying non-invasive diagnostics and adopting an interdisciplinary approach to preserve ancient architecture. The restoration of a ‘fragile’ heritage, such as archaeology, benefits from the direct knowledge processes inherent in diagnostic campaigns, which assume a material corporeality capable of guiding contemporary restoration and enhancement efforts during this phase. This approach, through the decomposition and detailed analysis of the elements of the structures, provides an organic view of ancient buildings where data derived from the in-depth study of archaeological materials becomes a fundamental strength in the conservation process and an actual transmission of the past to future users. This contribution will explore initial results from ongoing research experiences conducted by the Department of Architecture of the University of Naples Federico II on the heritage of the Pompeii Archaeological Park; the research has been promoted by the cultural activities of CHANGES—Cultural Heritage Active Innovation for the Next Generation Sustainable Society and, in particular, the research goal of Spoke 6—History, conservation and restoration of cultural heritage. This research employs non-destructive diagnostics and a thorough study of materials, construction technologies and ancient construction sites, applicable to both the investigation of elevated structures (walls, free-standing columns, etc.) and decorated surfaces (frescoes, floor mosaics, etc.), guiding and supporting new operational scenarios in restoration practice and the enhancement of archaeological evidence.