The Role of Social Media in Modern Crisis Communication
摘要
This chapter rethinks crisis communication for a platform-driven world by using major nuclear incidents—SL-1, Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima Daiichi—as a clarifying lens. It charts the shift from one-to-many broadcasting to many-to-many, real-time exchanges where social media simultaneously accelerates lifesaving guidance and amplifies rumor. Integrating insights from Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT), the Social-Mediated Crisis Communication (SMCC) model, and science–policy translation, the book offers a practical blueprint: communicate early, explain uncertainty plainly, coordinate across channels, and design for inclusivity from the start. It maps platform affordances (TikTok, YouTube, X, WhatsApp/Telegram, Instagram) to concrete tasks—alerting, sense-making, morale building, and rumor control—and embeds a Social Media Unit within ICS/JIC structures to align messaging, approvals, data governance, and archival rules. Trust is operationalized through competence, integrity, and benevolence metrics; uncertainty is visualized with ranges, probabilities, and narrative scaffolds. The closing policy agenda sequences actionable reforms for governments, regulators, platforms, media, civil society, and international bodies to build transparent, equitable, and resilient communication ecosystems.