Welding Arc Energy Effects on Microstructure and Corrosion Cracking of a High Entropy Alloy
摘要
This study investigates the weldability and corrosion cracking resistance of the Cantor alloy, one of the original High Entropy Alloys (HEAs), discovered in 1981 by Professor Brian Cantor at Oxford University. The alloy, an equimolar mix of Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, and Ni, features a stable, single-phase face-centered cubic (FCC) structure, notable for its resistance to hydrogen embrittlement and good ductility at cryogenic temperatures. The research aimed to address knowledge gaps related to fusion weld and heat-affected zone (HAZ) behavior of the Cantor alloy, particularly in comparison to austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L, a common candidate for liquid hydrogen storage. Experiments included Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW/TIG), Gleeble-based physical simulations, and subsequent evaluation of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and intergranular corrosion cracking (IGC) resistance. Results showed no hot cracking in bead-on plate autogenous welds on the Cantor alloy using three different arc energy levels. Additionally, the HAZ showed no formation of intermetallic phases or precipitation at the grain boundaries. However, grain coarsening in the HAZ led to significant softening, and the Cantor alloy demonstrated greater sensitivity to grain growth at high arc energys as compared to AISI 316L stainless steel. Corrosion testing revealed that the Cantor alloy failed to form a stable passive layer during polarization and experienced higher weight loss under hot acid exposure. The Cantor alloy underperformed relative to the AISI 316L stainless steel in both SCC and IGC tests. The presence of Mn is believed to contribute to this behavior, suggesting that Mn-free variants of the Cantor alloy may exhibit improved corrosion resistance. Despite some performance limitations compared to more optimistic HEA predictions in the literature, the findings provide valuable data that could support the industrial adoption of this alloy, especially as manufacturing costs decrease, and large-scale production becomes feasible.