Ensuring reliable and accident-free performance is the foremost condition for nuclear power plant operation. This entails preventing the release of radioactive materials beyond established safety limits under all normal and emergency conditions, as well as under any internal or external influences. When designing nuclear power facilities, engineers carefully analyze the possible influences of natural phenomena and anthropogenic events. One of the mandatory modern safety considerations is the assessment of potential aircraft impacts on nuclear power plant structures. Due to the challenges and limitations associated with carrying out large-scale experiments, numerical modeling of protective components under normal and extreme conditions has become particularly relevant. This paper proposes a simulation-based approach for studying the load-bearing capacity of nuclear containment structures in case of a military aircraft impact. The study investigates the influence of the containment’s design and structural configuration on its overall strength and resistance to impact loads. The results make it possible to identify the most effective and promising design options from the standpoint of safety and structural integrity.