In Australia, child poverty has been recognised as a problem since the Henderson Inquiry of the early 1970s. A number of Hawke Government policies reduced poverty from 1990 to 2000 including changes to income support payments, but child poverty’s persistence into the 2020s has been sustained by Australia’s welfare policies, especially the comparatively low unemployment benefit. Different measures of poverty in Australia show how child poverty is distributed across Australia and between different groups. The chapter’s second half analyses the different government policy responses to child poverty, including national and place-based initiatives, highlighting how each community has different context, issues, and needs, in determining community-developed solutions to child poverty.