With the acceleration of industrialization, lead (Pb2+) contaminated groundwater has become an increasingly serious environmental issue, and the remediation of heavy metal pollution carries significant environmental and social implications. Enzyme Induced Carbonate Precipitation (EICP) was employed to remediate Pb2+ contaminated water, and the effects of urease concentration, cementation solution concentration, and initial Pb2+ concentration on lead immobilization efficiency, urea hydrolysis rate, solution pH, and formation of cementation products were systematically investigated. Results indicated that with the jack bean urease concentration of 20 g/L, Pb2+ immobilization was significantly enhanced, with urea hydrolysis exceeding 80% and Pb2+ immobilization efficiency exceeding 95%. When the cementation solution concentration was 0.25 mol/L, urease activity reached its maximum, urea hydrolysis proceeded rapidly, and pH increased, favoring calcium carbonate precipitation and Pb2+ immobilization. However, increasing the cementation solution concentration to 1 mol/L inhibited urease activity, decreased pH, and reduced Pb2+ immobilization to approximately 75%. Furthermore, an appropriate initial Pb2+ concentration promoted urease-catalyzed reactions and improved immobilization efficiency, whereas excessively high Pb2+ concentrations had an inhibitory effect. The results provide a theoretical basis for the remediation of lead contaminated aqueous solution by EICP.