The idea of responsible consumption has become increasingly important as societies face the combined challenges of environmental degradation, climate change, and social inequality. This chapter discusses what it actually means to consume responsibly and why this concept is central to achieving sustainable development. It begins by outlining how consumption patterns have evolved together with economic growth and how these changes have affected the environment. The chapter then turns to the values and motivations that guide consumer behavior, emphasizing that responsibility involves not only individual awareness but also the broader social and institutional context in which people make choices. Attention is given to the role of education, communication, and access to reliable information in shaping more sustainable habits. The text also explores the contribution of digital technologies that make it easier for consumers to understand product impacts and to participate in sharing or circular economy initiatives. At the policy level, the discussion highlights how the European Union and international frameworks promote responsible consumption through resource efficiency, waste prevention, and support for sustainable business models. Yet, despite growing awareness, progress remains uneven. Economic pressures, convenience, and limited availability of sustainable alternatives often stand in the way of lasting behavioral change. Through this analysis, the chapter argues that responsible consumption cannot rely on moral appeals alone—it requires structural support, market innovation, and a cultural shift toward valuing sufficiency over excess. Ultimately, it suggests that responsible consumption should be seen as an evolving social practice that connects individual choices with collective responsibility for a fair and resilient future.